Definition
A full node is software that independently checks blockchain data against the network's consensus rules rather than relying solely on another service's conclusions. In Bitcoin, it verifies transactions and blocks, maintains the information needed to identify spendable outputs, and communicates with other peers. Running a full node is distinct from mining: a node can validate the chain without competing to produce blocks or earning a block reward. Storage configuration also matters. An archival node retains historical block data, while a pruned full node can discard older block files after processing them and still enforce validation rules. A full node gives its operator a stronger basis for verifying payments and reducing reliance on third-party blockchain services. It does not automatically provide anonymity, keep private keys safe, or make a network decision by casting a vote proportional to the number of installed copies.
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